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Szczecin Lagoon, Stettin Lagoon, Bay of Szczecin, or Stettin Bay ((ポーランド語:Zalew Szczeciński), (ドイツ語:Stettiner Haff)), also Oder lagoon ((ドイツ語:Oderhaff)), is a lagoon in the Oder estuary, shared by Germany and Poland. It is separated from the Pomeranian Bay of the Baltic Sea by the islands of Usedom and Wolin. The lagoon is subdivided into the ''Kleines Haff'' ("small lagoon") in the West and the ''Wielki Zalew'' ((ドイツ語:Großes Haff), "great lagoon") in the East. An ambiguous historical German name was ''Frisches Haff'', which later exclusively referred to the Vistula Lagoon.〔Erhard Riemann, Alfred Schoenfeldt, Ulrich Tolksdorf, Reinhard Goltz, Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur (Germany), Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz, ''Preussisches Wörterbuch: Deutsche Mundarten Ost- und Westpreussens'', 6th edition, Wachholtz, 1974, p.595, ISBN 3-529-04611-6〕 ==Geography== From the South, the lagoon is fed by several arms of the Oder river and smaller rivers like Ziese, Peene, Zarow, Uecker, and Ina.〔Gerald Schernewski, ''Baltic coastal ecosystems: structure, function, and coastal zone management'', Springer, 2002, p.79, ISBN 3-540-42937-9〕 In the North, the lagoon is connected to the Baltic Sea's Bay of Pomerania with the three straits Peenestrom, Świna and Dziwna, which divide the mainland and the islands of Usedom and Wolin . The lagoon covers an area of 687 km², its natural depth is an average 3.8 metres, and 8.5 metres at maximum.〔Ulrich Schiewer, ''Ecology of Baltic coastal waters'', Springer, 2008, p.115, ISBN 3-540-73523-2〕 The depth of shipping channels however can exceed 10.5 metres.〔 Thus, the lagoon holds about 2.58 km3 of water.〔 The annual average water temperature is 11 °C.〔Ulrich Schiewer, ''Ecology of Baltic coastal waters'', Springer, 2008, p.117, ISBN 3-540-73523-2〕 94% of the water loads discharged into the lagoon are from the Oder river and its confluences, amounting to an average annual 17 km3 or 540 m3 per second.〔Ulrich Schiewer, ''Ecology of Baltic coastal waters'', Springer, 2008, p.116, ISBN 3-540-73523-2〕 All other confluences contribute a combined annual 1 km3.〔 Since no reliable data for an inflow from the Baltic Sea exist, the combined inflow is an estimated 18 km3 from a catchment area of 129,000 km2, residing in the lagoon for an average 55 days before being discharged into the Pomeranian Bay.〔 The nutrients thereby transported into the lagoon have made it hyper(eu)trophic to eutrophic.〔Ulrich Schiewer, ''Ecology of Baltic coastal waters'', Springer, 2008, p.118, ISBN 3-540-73523-2〕 The straits Peenestrom, Świna and Dziwna are responsible for 17%, 69%, and 14% of the discharge, respectively.〔Ulrich Schiewer, ''Ecology of Baltic coastal waters'', Springer, 2008, p.119, ISBN 3-540-73523-2〕 The average salinity is between 0.5 and 2 psu, yet at times more salt water penetrates through the Świna locally raising the salinity to 6 psu.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Szczecin Lagoon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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